For larger residential as well as commercial projects, when it comes to solar installations often the preferred option is to connect multiple panels in series (string) and convert the combined DC output into AC. Photovoltaic string inverters therefore typically operate in power range of a few kilowatts up to several hundred kilowatts. Their straightforward design and centralized configuration reduce installation complexity and maintenance costs. However, if one panel fails or is shaded, it affects the output level of the entire string, reducing energy production until repairs / modifications are made. Additionally there is only one MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) algorithm for the whole system which results in lower performance compared to microinverters when facing cloudy or shady conditions. Overall, string inverters are a popular choice for a wide range of use cases for their simple scalability, ease of installation and transportation.